How do forests contribute to carbon sequestration?

Forests play a crucial role in carbon sequestration through the process of photosynthesis, where trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. During this process, they convert CO2 into organic matter, effectively reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This makes forests vital in combating climate change, as they store carbon in their biomass (trunks, branches, leaves) and in the soil where they are rooted.

The other choices do not accurately reflect how forests contribute to carbon sequestration. Urbanization, for instance, often leads to habitat loss and increased emissions, while the generation of fossil fuels is a significant source of carbon emissions rather than a method of sinking carbon. Similarly, pollution is contrary to the benefits that forests provide for the environment. Thus, the absorption of CO2 is the primary and most relevant mechanism through which forests contribute to carbon sequestration.