What concept is primarily associated with reducing waste through resource reuse?

The concept primarily associated with reducing waste through resource reuse is known as the circular economy. This economic model emphasizes sustainability by designing systems that keep resources in use for as long as possible. It promotes the idea of reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling materials and products, thereby minimizing waste.

In a circular economy, the goal is to create a loop of resource use that maximizes utility while reducing the input of new materials and the production of waste. This contrasts sharply with a traditional linear economy, where resources are extracted, used, and then discarded. The circular economy aims to create a more sustainable and resilient system that benefits both the environment and the economy.

The other concepts, such as market economy, planned economy, and gift economy, do not focus on waste reduction through resource reuse. A market economy centers on supply and demand to allocate resources, whereas a planned economy relies on central planning and control of resource distribution. A gift economy operates on the principle of giving without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards, rather than emphasizing resource efficiency and sustainability as the circular economy does.