What impact do climate variability and extreme weather events have on agriculture?

The impact of climate variability and extreme weather events on agriculture is significantly negative, primarily because these factors disrupt growing seasons and reduce crop yields. Climate variability refers to fluctuations in weather patterns that can create unpredictable conditions for farmers. For example, droughts, floods, or unseasonable frosts can occur, adversely affecting crop growth and leading to lower productivity.

Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes or prolonged heatwaves, can cause immediate and severe damage to crops, soil, and farming infrastructure. This not only affects the quantity of produce available but can also have long-term repercussions on soil health and sustainability. Farmers may find it increasingly challenging to plan for planting and harvesting when faced with these uncertainties, leading to reduced overall agricultural output.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the challenges posed by climate variability and extreme weather. They do not provide consistent conditions for crop growth, do not result in more abundant harvests, nor do they eliminate pests and diseases, which can thrive under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the correct understanding of the impact focuses on the disruption and yield reduction associated with climate variability and extreme weather.