What is meant by ecosystem restoration?

Ecosystem restoration refers to the active process of assisting the recovery of damaged ecosystems, thereby helping to return them to a stable, functioning state. This involves restoring the natural dynamics of ecosystems that have been degraded or disrupted by human activities or natural events. Restoration efforts may include replanting native vegetation, removing invasive species, and rehabilitating soil and water quality. The goal is to enhance biodiversity, improve ecosystem services, and create a more resilient environment that can withstand future disturbances.

The other options do not accurately reflect the concept of ecosystem restoration. The destruction of natural habitats and the process of degrading ecosystems are counterproductive to restoration, while creating new ecosystems in urban areas may not necessarily align with the principles of restoring existing natural ecosystems to their former states.