What process involves the extraction of salt from seawater?

Desalination is the process that specifically refers to the extraction of salt and other minerals from seawater to produce fresh water. This method is essential in areas where freshwater resources are scarce, allowing for the utilization of abundant seawater. The desalination process typically involves two primary techniques: reverse osmosis and distillation, both of which effectively remove salt molecules from water.

While filtration is a common process used to remove impurities from liquids, it is not dedicated to removing salt from seawater. Evaporation is a broader process used for various applications, including separating substances by transforming a liquid into vapor, but it does not specifically address the removal of salt from water. Condensation refers to the process where vapor cools and becomes liquid, which is not applicable in the context of extracting salt from seawater.

Therefore, the correct answer is designated to desalination due to its direct relevance and specific application in producing potable water from saline sources.