Which of the following is a main component of soil health?

Organic matter is a main component of soil health because it plays several critical roles in maintaining and enhancing soil quality. It improves soil structure, which increases aeration and water infiltration. It also enhances the soil's ability to retain moisture and nutrients, providing a reservoir for plants and microorganisms. Furthermore, organic matter contributes to the biological diversity in the soil, fostering a thriving community of beneficial organisms that help decompose organic materials and cycle nutrients.

When healthy organic matter levels are present in the soil, it leads to improved crop yields, greater resilience to drought and other stressors, and better overall soil function. This makes organic matter essential for the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of ecosystems. In contrast, factors like water salinity, pollutant levels, and mineral extraction primarily address specific challenges or conditions rather than directly contributing to the foundational health and quality of the soil itself.