Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used to combat desertification?

Industrial agriculture is often characterized by practices that can exacerbate desertification, rather than combat it. This form of agriculture typically involves high inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, large-scale monoculture farming, and intensive tillage. These practices can lead to soil degradation, reduced organic matter, and diminished soil fertility over time, making the land more susceptible to desertification.

In contrast, reforestation, sustainable grazing management, and soil and water conservation methods are all strategies aimed at restoring and maintaining healthy ecosystems. Reforestation helps to stabilize soil, enhance water retention, and increase biodiversity. Sustainable grazing management promotes the responsible use of pastureland to prevent overgrazing, which can degrade land and contribute to desertification. Soil and water conservation methods focus on techniques that retain moisture in the soil and improve its structure, which helps to combat the processes that lead to desertification.

Thus, while industrial agriculture can contribute to the problem of desertification, the other techniques listed are recognized practices used to mitigate the effects of environmental degradation and support sustainable land management.