Which soil order is primarily associated with areas experiencing frequent flooding?

Histosols are characterized by their accumulation of organic matter in waterlogged conditions, making them particularly prevalent in wetlands and areas subject to frequent flooding. In these environments, plant material has a slower decomposition rate due to saturation and anaerobic conditions, leading to the formation of thick organic layers. This organic matter is a key indicator of Histosols and underscores their unique properties, including high nutrient-holding capacity and moisture retention.

While other soil orders, such as Gelisols, can also be found in wet conditions due to their presence in permafrost regions, they are not primarily defined by flooding. Vertisols, known for their clay-rich composition, can have considerable moisture retention but are not specifically linked to flooding zones. Andisols are associated with volcanic ash and fertile soils, primarily found in areas affected by volcanic activity rather than flooding.

In summary, Histosols stand out due to their organic-rich material formed in water-saturated environments, making them the most closely associated soil order with frequent flooding scenarios.